South Africa said on March 5 producers of cold meat products were to blame for delays in tracing the cause of the world’s worst listeriosis outbreak, which has killed 180 people in the past year.
As shoppers queued up to return processed meat items and demand refunds, shares in the biggest food firm in Africa‘s most industrialized economy, Tiger Brands, tumbled because of its link to the outbreak that has spread since January 2017.
The government, which has been criticized for taking too long to find the cause, had on March 4 linked the outbreak to a meat product known as “polony” made by Tiger’s Enterprise Food.
It also said it was investigating a plant owned by RCL Foods that makes a similar product, whose shares also slid on March 5 before recovering.
Both companies, which say they are cooperating with the authorities, suspended processed meat production at their plants after health authorities ordered a recall of cold meats associated with the outbreak from outlets at home and abroad.
The U.N. World Health Organization called the outbreak the largest ever recorded globally, after 948 cases were reported since January 2017. Listeria bacteria cause flu-like symptoms, nausea, diarrhea, and infection of the bloodstream and brain.
South Africa’s Health Ministry said the source was found after pre-school children fell ill from eating polony products traced to processed meat producers.
“The meat processing industry was not cooperating for months. They did not bring the samples as requested. We had long suspected that Listeria can be found in these products,” the ministry’s communications director, Popo Maja, told Reuters.
“It is not that we are incompetent, or that we have inadequate resources,” Maja said when asked why it had taken more than a year to find the cause of the listeriosis.
He said all firms in the industry were being examined.
South Africa’s processed meat market grew about 8 percent in 2017 to a retail value of $412 million, according to Euromonitor International. Tiger Brands has a 35.7 percent market share, followed by Eskort Bacon Co-Operative with 21.8 percent. Rhodes Food, RCL Foods, and Astral Foods each have less than 5 percent.
Tiger Brands, Eskort, RCL Foods, Rhodes, and Astral said they had complied with all requests from the health authorities.
Lawrence McDougall, the CEO of Tiger Brands, said there was no direct link between the deaths and its cold meat products. “We are unaware of any direct link,” he told a media briefing.
Health Minister Aaron Motsoaledi had said on March 4 the outbreak had been traced to a Tiger Brands factory in the northern city of Polokwane.
The authorities are also examining a second Tiger Brands factory and have not said when they could conclude tests on RCL Foods, which has a plant under investigation.
Rhodes said it produced processed canned meat, different from the cold processed meat made by rivals. Astral said it produced fresh and frozen chicken, not polonies and items linked to the outbreak. Both those firms said their products were safe.
Fast food chain owner Famous Brands said it was recalling ready-to-eat meat products from its retail outlets.
Cleaning Frenzy
The minister told South Africans not to consume any ready-to-eat processed meat due to the risk of cross-contamination.
The announcement prompted a frenzied clearing and cleaning of the shelves by local supermarkets chains Shoprite, Pick n Pay, Spar, and Woolworths, which also urged consumers to return the meats for refunds.
Neighboring states acted swiftly. Zambia banned imports of South African processed meat, dairy products, vegetables, and fruit. Mozambique and Namibia halted imports of the processed meat items and Botswana said it was recalling them. Malawi stepped up screening of South African food imports.
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